Email this article Curcumin: Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Applications
Abstract
Medicinal plants can be used for the treatment of many diseases is associated to folk medicine from different parts of the world. Natural and herbal products from some plants, fungi, bacteria’s and other organisms, continue to be used in pharmaceutical formulations either as pure compounds or as extracts. There is a great variety of compounds that can be extracted and characterized from plants, herbs and roots. One good example is the harmaline, one of the indole alkaloids found in Peganumharmala (Zygo-phyllaceae), used in the treatment of dermatosis. Extensive scientific research on curcumin, a natural compound present in the rhizomes of plant Curcuma longa Linn. The natural product curcumin (diferuloylmethane, 1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), obtained from the spice turmeric is a rhizomatous herbaceous plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, exhibits numerous biological activities. It is the major constituent of the oleoresin of turmeric. In the crude extract of rhizomes of C. longa about 70-76% curcumin is available along with about 16% demethoxycurcumin and 8% bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcumin which is commonly used as a spice is also well documented for its medicinal properties in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine. It is extensively used for imparting color and flavor to the food. Extensive scientific research on curcumin had demonstrated a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects such as ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antispasmodic, hepato-protective, anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, wound healing, anti-cancer effects, nematocidal activities, anti-protozoal activity, anti-venom activity. Recently, its potential utility in autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been demonstrated. A number of curcumin based pyrazoles an isoxazoles and a diazepine had been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities.
Keywords: Curcumin, ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antispasmodic, hepato-protective, anti-angiogenic.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, B. K., Cai, J., Armstrong, J., Herold, M., Lu, Y. J., Sun, A., & Shoji, M. (2005). EF24, a novel synthetic curcumin analog, induces apoptosis in cancer cells via a redox-dependent mechanism. Anti-cancer drugs, 16(3), 263-275.
Aggarwal, B. B., & Harikumar, K. B. (2009). Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 41(1), 40-59.
Aggarwal, B. B., & Sung, B. (2009). Pharmacological basis for the role of curcumin in chronic diseases: an age-old spice with modern targets. Trends in pharmacological sciences, 30(2), 85-94.
Aggarwal, B. B., Bhatt, I. D., Ichikawa, H., Ahn, K. S., Sethi, G. S. S. K., Sandur, S. K., & Shishodia, S. (2007). Curcumin–biological and medicinal properties. Turmeric: the genus Curcuma, 45, 297-368.
Aggarwal, B. B., Kumar, A., & Bharti, A. C. (2003). Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer research, 23(1A), 363-398.
Aggarwal, B. B., Sundaram, C., Malani, N., & Ichikawa, H. (2007). Curcumin: the Indian solid gold. In The molecular targets and therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and disease (pp. 1-75). Springer US.
Anand, P., Thomas, S. G., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Sundaram, C., Harikumar, K. B., Sung, B., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2008). Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (Congeners) made by man and Mother Nature. Biochemical pharmacology, 76(11), 1590-1611.
Arun, N., & Nalini, N. (2002). Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 57(1), 41-52.
Asai, A., & Miyazawa, T. (2000). Occurrence of orally administered curcuminoid as glucuronide and glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in rat plasma.Life sciences, 67(23), 2785-2793.
Babu, P. S., & Srinivasan, K. (1995). Influence of dietary curcumin and cholesterol on the progression of experimentally induced diabetes in albino rat.Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 152(1), 13-21.
Babu, P. S., & Srinivasan, K. (1997). Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 166(1-2), 169-175.
Cheng, A. L., Hsu, C. H., Lin, J. K., Hsu, M. M., Ho, Y. F., Shen, T. S., ... & Hsieh, C. Y. (2000). Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer research,21(4B), 2895-2900.
Deodhar, S. D., Sethi, R., & Srimal, R. C. (1980). Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). The Indian journal of medical research, 71, 632-634.
Dikshit, M., Rastogi, L., Shukla, R., & Srimal, R. C. (1995). Prevention of ischaemia-induced biochemical changes by curcumin & quinidine in the cat heart. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 101, 31-35.
Dikshit, M., Srivastava, R., Kar, K., & Srimal, R. C. (1987). Antithrombotic effect of some platelet modifying drugs. Thrombosis research, 46(2), 397-403.
Ejendal, K. F., & Hrycyna, C. A. (2002). Multidrug resistance and cancer: the role of the human ABC transporter ABCG2. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 3(5), 503-511.
Fiala, M., Lin, J., Ringman, J., Kermani-Arab, V., Tsao, G., Patel, A., & Bernard, G. (2005). Ineffective phagocytosis of amyloid-beta by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 7(3), 221.
Ganpati, K. S., Bhaurao, S. S., Iranna, K. K., Dilip, C. R., & Nilkanth, Y. P. (2011). Comparative studies on curcumin content in fresh and stored samples of turmeric rhizomes. IRJP, 2(4), 127-129.
Hatcher, H., Planalp, R., Cho, J., Torti, F. M., & Torti, S. V. (2008). Curcumin: from ancient medicine to current clinical trials. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65(11), 1631-1652.
Holder, G. M., Plummer, J. L., & Ryan, A. J. (1978). The metabolism and excretion of curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) in the rat. Xenobiotica, 8(12), 761-768.
http:// en.wikipededia.org/ wiki/ curcumin.
Ireson, C. R., Jones, D. J., Orr, S., Coughtrie, M. W., Boocock, D. J., Williams, M. L., & Gescher, A. J. (2002). Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 11(1), 105-111.
Ireson, C., Orr, S., Jones, D. J., Verschoyle, R., Lim, C. K., Luo, J. L., & Gescher, A. (2001). Characterization of metabolites of the chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo, and evaluation of their ability to inhibit phorbol ester-induced prostaglandin E2 production. Cancer Research, 61(3), 1058-1064.
Jordan, W. C., & Drew, C. R. (1996). Curcumin--a natural herb with anti-HIV activity. Journal of the National Medical Association, 88(6), 333.
Khopde, S. M., Priyadarsini, K. I., Venkatesan, P., & Rao, M. N. A. (1999). Free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant efficiency of curcumin and its substituted analogue. Biophysical chemistry, 80(2), 85-91.
Kiefer, D. (2012). Novel turmeric compound delivers much more curcumin to the blood. Life Extension Magazine.
Kim, M. K., Choi, G. J., & Lee, H. S. (2003). Fungicidal property of Curcuma longa L. rhizome-derived curcumin against phytopathogenic fungi in a greenhouse. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(6), 1578-1581.
Kiso, Y., Suzuki, Y., Watanabe, N., Oshima, Y., & Hikino, H. (1983). Antihepatotoxic principles of Curcuma longa rhizomes. Planta med, 49(3), 185-187.
Kokate, C. K. (1993). Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan. 4th ed., 138.
Kunnumakkara, A. B., Anand, P., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2008). Curcumin inhibits proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of different cancers through interaction with multiple cell signaling proteins. Cancer letters, 269(2), 199-225.
Kuttan, R., Bhanumathy, P., Nirmala, K., & George, M. C. (1985). Potential anticancer activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Cancer letters, 29(2), 197-202.
Landis-Piwowar, K. R., Milacic, V., Chen, D., Yang, H., Zhao, Y., Chan, T. H., & Dou, Q. P. (2006). The proteasome as a potential target for novel anticancer drugs and chemosensitizers. Drug resistance updates, 9(6), 263-273.
Lao, C. D., Demierre, M. F., & Sondak V. K. (2006a). Targeting events in melanoma carcinogenesis for the prevention of melanoma. Expert ReV. Anticancer Therapy, 6 (11), 1559–1568.
Lao, C. D., Ruffin, M. T., Normolle, D., Heath, D. D., Murray, S. I., Bailey, J. M., & Brenner, D. E. (2006b). Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation.BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 6(1), 10.
Li, M., Zhang, Z., Hill, D. L., Wang, H., & Zhang, R. (2007). Curcumin, a dietary component, has anticancer, chemosensitization, and radiosensitization effects by down-regulating the MDM2 oncogene through the PI3K/mTOR/ETS2 pathway. Cancer Research, 67(5), 1988-1996.
Loo, T. W., & Clarke, D. M. (1999). The human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein is inactive when its maturation is inhibited: potential for a role in cancer chemotherapy. The FASEB journal, 13(13), 1724-1732.
Maher, D., Yallapu, M. M., Sundram, V., Bell, M. C., Jaggi, M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2010). Curcumin induces chemo/radio-sensitization in ovarian cancer cells and curcumin nanoparticles inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth. Cancer Research, 70(8 Supplement), 5381.
Motterlini, R., Foresti, R., Bassi, R., & Green, C. J. (2000). Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 28(8), 1303-1312.
Nirmala, C., & Puvanakrishnan, R. (1996a). Protective role of curcumin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 159(2), 85-93.
Nirmala, C., & Puvanakrishnan, R. (1996b). Effect of curcumin on cetrain lysosomal hydrolases in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Biochemical pharmacology, 51(1), 47-51.
Page, P., & Yang, L. X. (2010). Novel chemoradiosensitizers for cancer therapy. Anticancer research, 30(9), 3675-3682.
Qureshi, S., Shah, A. H., & Ageel, A. M. (1992). Toxicity studies on Alpinia galanga and Curcuma longa. Planta medica, 58(2), 124-127.
Reddy, R. C., Vatsala, P. G., Keshamouni, V. G., Padmanaban, G., & Rangarajan, P. N. (2005). Curcumin for malaria therapy. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 326(2), 472-474.
Ruby, A. J., Kuttan, G., Babu, K. D., Rajasekharan, K. N., & Kuttan, R. (1995). Anti-tumour and antioxidant activity of natural curcuminoids. Cancer letters, 94(1), 79-83.
Ruby, A. J., Kuttan, G., Babu, K. D., Rajasekharan, K. N., & Kuttan, R. (1995). Anti-tumour and antioxidant activity of natural curcuminoids. Cancer letters, 94(1), 79-83.
Schmidt, B. M., Ribnicky, D. M., Lipsky, P. E., & Raskin, I. (2007). Revisiting the ancient concept of botanical therapeutics. Nature Chemical Biology, 3(7), 360-366.
Shankar, T. B., Shantha, N. V., Ramesh, H. P., Murthy, I. A., & Murthy, V. S. (1980). Toxicity studies on turmeric (Curcuma longa): acute toxicity studies in rats, guineapigs and monkeys. Indian journal of experimental biology, 18(1), 73-75.
Sharma, O. P. (1976). Antioxidant activity of curcumin and related compounds. Biochemical pharmacology, 25(15), 1811-1812.
Sharma, O. P. (1976). Antioxidant activity of curcumin and related compounds.Biochemical pharmacology, 25(15), 1811-1812.
Shishodia, S., Sethi, G., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2005). Curcumin: getting back to the roots. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1056(1), 206-217.
Shoba, G., Joy, D., Joseph, T., Majeed, M., Rajendran, R., & Srinivas, P. S. (1998). Log in with. Planta med, 64(4), 353-356.
Srimal, R. C., & Dhawan, B. N. (1973). Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (curcumin), a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agent. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 25(6), 447-452.
Srinivasan, M. (1972). Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian journal of medical sciences, 26(4), 269.
Sugiyama, Y., Kawakishi, S., & Osawa, T. (1996). Involvement of the β-diketone moiety in the antioxidative mechanism of tetrahydrocurcumin. Biochemical pharmacology, 52(4), 519-525.
Sugiyama, Y., Kawakishi, S., & Osawa, T. (1996). Involvement of the β-diketone moiety in the antioxidative mechanism of tetrahydrocurcumin.Biochemical pharmacology, 52(4), 519-525.
Suresh, D., & Srinivasan, K. (2010). Tissue distribution & elimination of capsaicin, piperine & curcumin following oral intake in rats.
Szakács, G., Paterson, J. K., Ludwig, J. A., Booth-Genthe, C., & Gottesman, M. M. (2006). Targeting multidrug resistance in cancer. Nature reviews Drug discovery, 5(3), 219-234.
Um, Y., Cho, S., Woo, H. B., Kim, Y. K., Kim, H., Ham, J., & Lee, S. (2008). Synthesis of curcumin mimics with multidrug resistance reversal activities. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 16(7), 3608-3615.
Venkatesan, N. (1998). Curcumin attenuation of acute adriamycin myocardial toxicity in rats. British journal of pharmacology, 124(3), 425-427.
Venkatesan, N., Punithavathi, D., & Arumugam, V. (2000). Curcumin prevents adriamycin nephrotoxicity in rats. British journal of pharmacology, 129(2), 231-234.
Zaveri, M., Gajjar, H., Kanaki, N., & Patel, S. (2011). Preparation and evaluation of drug phospholipid complex for increasing transdermal penetration of phytoconstituents. International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life sciences, 1(3), 80-93.
Zern, T. L., & Fernandez, M. L. (2005). Cardioprotective effects of dietary polyphenols. The Journal of nutrition, 135(10), 2291-2294.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2015 Advances in Pharmacognosy and Phytomedicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.