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Abstract
Turmeric has two species, which are cultivated in India. Curcuma longa is the most important economically accounting for about 96 per cent of the total area under turmeric and the remaining 4 per cent is under Curcuma aromatica grown in some small district of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. India being one of the major producers of turmeric, contributes 90% to global production. In the year 2018-19, turmeric production was 389 thousand tonnes, with area and productivity 246 thousand hectares and 5646.34 kg/ha, respectively. The growth pattern of the area, production, and productivity of turmeric over the period of time indicate the growing contribution of production over the area expansion to the increased yield. In the international market, India is a net exporter of turmeric and earned 201,152 thousand US Dollars in 2020. In India, turmeric is cultivated in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Turmeric production in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu jointly account for 76 per cent of the total turmeric production in India. Curcumin is the active ingredient in turmeric, which has been shown to have a wide range of therapeutic effects. Turmeric requires hot and humid climate to thrive well and it generally grows on all type of soils but it thrives well in drained sandy loam to light black or red soils that are clayey in nature. Turmeric is second in export earnings of spices in India. Turmeric is exported to many countries particularly Bangladesh, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the USA, the UK and the UAE.
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