Email this article Phytochemical Screening of Plants Used to Prevent COVID-19 in Fako Division South West Region, Cameroon
Abstract
The use of plants for different healthcare and other ethnobotanical purposes has been a common practice worldwide, Cameroon inclusive. With the emergence of COVID-19 human reliance on plants intensified. This work aimed to document and phytochemically screen plants used against COVID-19 in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon. This was achieved through semi-structured questionnaires and laboratory analysis. Indices such as frequency of citation (FC), use value (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and fidelity level (FL) were employed to quantify the information. The documented plants were ranked and the top eight plants most frequently cited were screened phytochemically for alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids following standard procedure. A total of 43 plant species were recorded belonging to 29 families and 38 genera. Rutaceae and Asteraceae were the most used plant families with four species each. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part and herb the most common plant form. Cymbopogon citratus was the most cited species with a frequency of citation of 100. Curcuma longa had the highest use value (0.06), Cymbopogon citratus had the highest RFC (0.33) and Artemisia vulgaris the highest FL (88.23%). Twenty-two plants based recipes were recorded with recipe 9 (Decoction) being the most used. One hundred and two active compounds were detected from the eight screened plants in different proportions and classes. Cymbopogon citratus had the largest number of active compounds (15) with steroids being the most represented phytochemical constituents. The screened plants can be exploited as potential sources of medication.
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